上海(hai)寶試(shi)(shi):冷(leng)熱沖擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan),冷(leng)熱沖擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標準
1.冷(leng)熱沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)定(ding)義 冷(leng)熱沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)又(you)名溫(wen)度(du)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)或(huo)高(gao)低(di)溫(wen)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan),是將試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)樣品(pin)交替暴露于低(di)溫(wen)和(he)高(gao)溫(wen)空(kong)氣(或(huo)合(he)適的(de)惰性(xing)氣體)中(zhong),使(shi)其(qi)經(jing)受溫(wen)度(du)快速變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)影響。用(yong)(yong)以確定(ding)元件,設備(bei)(bei)和(he)其(qi)他產品(pin)經(jing)受環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)迅速變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)能(neng)力。是用(yong)(yong)于考核產品(pin)對周圍環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)急劇變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)適應(ying)性(xing),是裝備(bei)(bei)設計定(ding)型的(de)鑒定(ding)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)批產階段的(de)例行試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)*的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan),在有些情況下也可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)于環境(jing)應(ying)力篩選(xuan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。可(ke)(ke)以說冷(leng)熱沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱在驗(yan)證(zheng)和(he)提高(gao)裝備(bei)(bei)的(de)環境(jing)適應(ying)性(xing)方面(mian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)頻度(du)僅次(ci)于振動與高(gao)低(di)溫(wen)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
2.冷熱(re)(re)沖擊(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 實際上冷熱(re)(re)沖擊(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱作(zuo)為一種工具,應用在產(chan)品研制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)階(jie)段時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de): 2.1、工程研制(zhi)階(jie)段可用于(yu)發現產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計和工藝缺陷; 2.2、產(chan)品定型或設計鑒定和批產(chan)階(jie)段驗(yan)收決策提供依據(ju); 2.3、作(zuo)為環境應力篩選(xuan)應用時,目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是剔除產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早期故障。 因此在編寫研制(zhi)過(guo)程不(bu)同(tong)階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)大(da)綱或篩選(xuan)大(da)綱,試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報告或篩選(xuan)報告時,就將冷熱(re)(re)沖擊(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體化,不(bu)宜表達含糊或籠統。
3.試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)要(yao)求 3.1起始溫(wen)度(du)要(yao)求 雖然一(yi)般的(de)冷熱沖(chong)擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標準中(zhong)對(dui)冷熱沖(chong)擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)起始溫(wen)度(du)不予提及或(huo)不做(zuo)硬性規定(ding)(ding),但這卻(que)是(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)進行時(shi)必(bi)須考慮的(de)問題,因為涉及到試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)結束在低(di)溫(wen)還是(shi)高(gao)溫(wen)狀態,從而(er)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了是(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)產品進行烘干(gan),導致延(yan)長試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)間。
如果試(shi)(shi)驗結(jie)束在低溫(wen)標準(zhun)受試(shi)(shi)產品從冷熱沖擊(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗箱(室)內取(qu)出后,應在正常的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗大氣(qi)條件下(xia)進行恢復,直(zhi)到(dao)樣品到(dao)到(dao)達溫(wen)度(du)(du)穩定,這一操(cao)作(zuo)難免使(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗樣品表面產生凝露(lu)引入(ru)溫(wen)度(du)(du)對產品的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。從而改(gai)變試(shi)(shi)驗的(de)(de)性質。
在GBJ 150實(shi)施(shi)(shi)指南(nan)中提(ti)出,為了消除這一影響避免(mian)長時(shi)間(jian)恢(hui)復延長試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)時(shi)間(jian),可將樣品在50的(de)高溫(wen)(wen)箱中恢(hui)復,待凝(ning)露干后再在常溫(wen)(wen)中達(da)到溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)穩定。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)指南(nan)中提(ti)出可改變起始沖擊(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),從(cong)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)開始試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以使(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結(jie)果(guo)在高溫(wen)(wen)避免(mian)產(chan)品出冷熱沖擊(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)箱產(chan)生凝(ning)露。兩(liang)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方法(fa)卻使(shi)受(shou)試(shi)樣品經受(shou)六次(ci)(ci)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(三(san)次(ci)(ci)高溫(wen)(wen),三(san)次(ci)(ci)低(di)溫(wen)(wen))作用及五(wu)次(ci)(ci)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)沖擊(ji)過(guo)程,只是不(bu)同沖擊(ji)方向的(de)次(ci)(ci)數有所不(bu)同,這兩(liang)種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可能達(da)到的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)效果(guo)是基本相同的(de),但后一種(zhong)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方法(fa)無需(xu)加烘干時(shi)間(jian),縮短了冷熱沖擊(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)間(jian)。
3.2試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)要求 3.2.1、GJB150.5規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了下限1h,即溫(wen)度(du)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)小于(yu)1h,必有(you)要1h;若大(da)于(yu)1h,則用(yong)該大(da)于(yu)1h的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian); 3.2.2、GB2423.22中(zhong)給出(chu)10min到3h的(de)(de)5個(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)等級,同使用(yong)表根據冷熱沖擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱測得的(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)溫(wen)度(du)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),采用(yong)與(yu)其相(xiang)近的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)或可(ke)選時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)等級,直接采用(yong)與(yu)其相(xiang)近的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)為保持(chi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian); 3、810F方法(fa)503.4中(zhong)則不(bu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)具體時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)或可(ke)選時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)等級,直接采用(yong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)達(da)到溫(wen)度(du)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)或產品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)環(huan)境中(zhong)真(zhen)實(shi)暴(bao)露時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。 在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)沖擊試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong),為關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)是建(jian)立起(qi)不(bu)同材料熱脹冷縮不(bu)一(yi)致造成的(de)(de)應(ying)力(li)。實(shi)際熱沖擊可(ke)能(neng)發生(sheng)在(zai)受試(shi)(shi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)外(wai)部,有(you)關(guan)資(zi)料指出(chu)不(bu)必達(da)到整個(ge)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)溫(wen)度(du)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),而(er)只(zhi)要受試(shi)(shi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)表而(er)溫(wen)度(du)與(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溫(wen)度(du)一(yi)致就行。這一(yi)意見(jian)是雖有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)道理,實(shi)施起(qi)來(lai)也有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)困難,因為不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)表面安裝許多(duo)傳(chuan)感器,此外(wai)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)各部分傳(chuan)熱能(neng)力(li)不(bu)一(yi)致,受試(shi)(shi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)內部鄰近部件熱容量也不(bu)一(yi)致,確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)起(qi)來(lai)有(you)難度(du)。
4. 冷(leng)熱(re)沖擊試驗(yan)參(can)考標準 GB/T 2423.22; IEC 60068-2-14; EIA-364-32; MIL-STD-202
設備型號:CJ602S3 Ⅰ
試(shi)驗溫度(du)范圍:-75℃~180℃
高溫設定范圍:+60℃~+180℃
低溫設定范圍:0℃~-75℃
溫變速率:≤5Min
內箱尺寸:670×650×460mm
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